Question

Describe how aphids acquired the ability to change color.

a) Through natural selection favoring different pigments
b) Through mutation in their reproductive genes
c) Through behavioral adaptations in response to predators
d) Through genetic drift in isolated populations

Answer 1

Aphids acquired the ability to change color through natural selection favoring different pigments. The red coloration in aphids is due to the presence of red carotenoid pigment, which the aphids obtained from certain fungi through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). When mutation inactivates the genes responsible for making carotenoids, the aphids revert back to their green color.

Step-by-step explanation:

Aphids acquired the ability to change color through natural selection favoring different pigments. The red coloration in aphids is due to the presence of red carotenoid pigment, which the aphids obtained from certain fungi through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). When mutation inactivates the genes responsible for making carotenoids, the aphids revert back to their green color. Although the red color makes aphids more conspicuous to predators, evidence suggests that red aphids are more resistant to insecticides, making them more fit to survive in some environments.