Final answer:
The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon's surface is 1.63 m/s², which is about 16% that of Earth's gravity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is 1.63 m/s². This means that the correct answer to the question is option a) 1.63 m/s². This value is about 16% of the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, which is approximately 9.81 m/s².
The moon's lower gravity greatly affects phenomena such as the motion of thrown objects or the operation of a pendulum clock, as described in the problems. For instance, a moon rock thrown to a certain height would have a different velocity when it strikes the moon's surface compared to Earth because it is influenced by the weaker gravitational pull. Furthermore, a pendulum clock will run at a different rate on the Moon due to the reduced gravitational acceleration, affecting the period of the pendulum's swing.