Final answer:
Scientific theories are testable explanations supported by evidence, unlike everyday theories. They are based on solid evidence and have been verified by multiple researchers. Examples include Newton's theory of gravity and biological theories like the theory of evolution and germ theory. Therefore, the correct answer is option a) Scientific theories are based on solid evidence
Step-by-step explanation:
In everyday conversation, the word theory is often used to describe a guess or hunch. However, in science, a theory is a testable explanation for patterns in nature supported by scientific evidence and verified multiple times by various groups of researchers. Unlike everyday theories, scientific theories are based on solid evidence and are not just educated guesses.
For example, Newton's theory of gravity is based on observable phenomena and does not require a model. On the other hand, the kinetic theory of gases is a model that helps us understand the behavior of gases by visualizing atoms and molecules.
In biology, there are well-known theories such as the theory of evolution, cell theory, and germ theory, which have been extensively tested and supported by evidence.
These theories are not merely educated guesses; they are well-established frameworks that explain the observations and facts scientists see in the natural world.
Each theory must be able to be tested, and predictions made by the theory must be verifiable. If a theory's predictions are found to be incorrect, the theory must be revised or discarded. Thus, a scientific theory is dynamic and continuously honed through scientific inquiry and evidence, embodying the most reliable understanding we have of certain aspects of the physical universe.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a) Scientific theories are based on solid evidence