Final answer:
The bulk modulus of a liquid can be measured by applying pressure to the liquid and measuring the change in volume. The appropriate formula involves the change in pressure and volume relative to the original volume of the liquid.
Step-by-step explanation:
To measure the bulk modulus of a liquid, one could apply pressure to the liquid and measure the resulting change in volume. This is done by using a container that can apply a known pressure and has the capability to measure the precise volume change. For example, a vessel with a piston can be used where the pressure can be increased by applying a force on the piston and the change in volume can be read from a scale. The bulk modulus, B, is calculated using the formula B = -ΔP / (ΔV/V0), where ΔP is the change in pressure, ΔV is the change in volume, and V0 is the original volume of the liquid.
To compress liquids and solids, the atoms and molecules that are already closely packed together must be pushed even closer, and the electromagnetic forces within such materials resist this compression. Options such as using a spring scale or applying tension to a solid sample are not appropriate for measuring the bulk modulus of a liquid. Gravitational effects are also not relevant to this measurement.