Final answer:
Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum, thus holding more energy than other forms of radiation such as X-rays, making them highly penetrating. They are found at the extreme end, beyond X-rays and ultraviolet light.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gamma rays are located on the electromagnetic spectrum with a shorter wavelength than X-rays. Specifically, they have the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies of all types of electromagnetic radiation. This means that they have more energy than X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. Gamma rays are capable of penetrating matter more effectively due to their high energy levels.
When comparing the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, gamma rays rank at the top in terms of energy provided per photon. They are generated through astronomical events and also during radioactive decay, and because of their potent energy, they are used in medical treatments as well as being probed by scientific instruments in space.
The electromagnetic spectrum displays a wide variation in wavelength and frequency, with gamma rays showing wavelengths on the order of 10^-12 meters. In contrast, radio waves can have wavelengths as long as hundreds of meters, placing them on the other end of the spectrum with the lowest energy and frequencies.