Final answer:
Psychoanalytic theory is not a sociological theory explaining criminal behavior; rather, it is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud. Differential association, zone theory, and social disorganization are sociological theories commonly used to explain criminal behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is a. Psychoanalytic theory. Psychoanalytic theory is not a sociological theory explaining criminal behavior; rather, it is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud. It focuses on unconscious motives and childhood experiences as determinants of criminal behavior. On the other hand, differential association, zone theory, and social disorganization are sociological theories commonly used to explain criminal behavior.