Final answer:
Transactions measured at the end of the accounting period include adjustments for accruals, depreciation, and inventory changes. These are part of accrual accounting to accurately reflect a company's financial status. GDP calculations only consider final goods and services, excluding intermediate goods to prevent overestimating the economy's size.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of transactions that are typically measured only at the end of the accounting period are adjustments for accruals, depreciation, and inventory changes. These adjustments are necessary to account for the revenues and expenses that match the period in which they are incurred, rather than when cash is exchanged. This practice is part of accrual accounting, which provides a more accurate picture of a company's financial position.
To ensure that the size of the economy is not overstated, government statisticians count only the value of final goods and services for consumption, investment, government, and trade purposes when calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). They specifically exclude intermediate goods, which are items used in the production of other goods. This means that only the value of final products, such as a Ford truck, is included in GDP measurements, capturing the value of what businesses provide to other businesses at the end of the production chain.