Final answer:
The process that involves a reduction division to produce gametes with half the genetic material of the parent cell is known as Meiosis (B).
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is B. Meiosis. Meiosis is a reduction division where the nuclear material is reduced by half compared to the parent cell. This division is essential for producing gametes, which are sex cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell to ensure genetic diversity and proper chromosome number during sexual reproduction. In contrast to mitosis, where cells divide to produce identical daughter cells, meiosis includes two rounds of cell division, known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II, and results in four haploid cells. Each of these cells is genetically unique due to the process of crossing over that occurs during Meiosis I.