Final answer:
Methadone is used to treat opioid dependence, with side effects that may include withdrawal symptoms. It is metabolized in the liver, works by activating opioid receptors to reduce withdrawal symptoms, and requires careful dosage adjustment based on an individual's factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Methadone is a medication used in the treatment of opioid dependence. One of the side effects (SE) of methadone can include withdrawal symptoms when a patient stops taking the drug. These symptoms are a consequence of physical dependence, and can include nausea, sweating, agitation, and muscle aches.
Regarding metabolism, methadone is processed by the liver, and its pharmacokinetics can be summarized by the ADME profile - absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It is important for healthcare providers to understand the metabolism of methadone to properly adjust dosages for each individual.
The mechanism of action of methadone involves binding to and activating opioid receptors in the brain, which can reduce the craving and withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. This is why a person with a heroin addiction might be prescribed methadone; it helps in reducing the effects of heroin withdrawal and can be a part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Finally, dosage adjustment might be necessary for patients taking methadone. Factors such as body weight, level of opioid tolerance, and overall health can influence the appropriate dosage. Clinicians often start with a lower dose and gradually increase it while monitoring the patient closely to avoid overdose or severe side effects.
To address a related concept, the term 'tolerance' occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.