Question

A _______ function H is a function that takes a variable-size input m and returns a fixed-size string. The value that is returned is called the hash value h or the digest. This can be expressed mathematically as h = H(m). An example of this is Windows will store that in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file in the Windows System directory. When you log on, Windows cannot "un-hash: your password (remember it is one way). So, what Windows does is take whatever password you type in, hash it, then compare the result with what is in the SAM file. If they match (exactly), then you can log in. A) Hash

B) Encryption

C) Decryption

D) Compression

Answer 1

The function in question that takes a variable-size input and returns a fixed-size string is a hash function, used in computer security to securely store and verify passwords.

Step-by-step explanation:

A hash function H is a function that takes a variable-size input m and returns a fixed-size string, which is known as the hash value h or the digest. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as h = H(m). In practical terms, this is used in computer security, for instance in the management of user passwords. Windows stores the hash of your password in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file. When you log on, Windows cannot reverse the hashing process because it's one-way. Instead, Windows hashes the password you enter and compares it to the hash stored in the SAM. If they match precisely, it verifies your identity, allowing you to log in.