Final answer:
The process of embedding a message into the least significant bits of a binary file is called steganography, a technique that subtly alters binary data to conceal information.
Step-by-step explanation:
A process that embeds a message into the least significant bits of a binary file is known as steganography. This technique takes advantage of the binary representation of data, where data is stored as a sequence of binary ones and zeros. By altering the least significant bits, which have a minimal impact on the overall data quality, information can be hidden within a file such as an image or audio file, without noticeably changing its appearance or sound to a casual observer.