Final answer:
Lateral decubitus positioning can cause brachial plexus injury and can affect pulmonary function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lateral decubitus positioning can have several effects on the body. One effect to consider is the potential for brachial plexus injury of the dependent arm. This occurs when pressure is applied to the nerves that run from the spine into the arm, causing pain, weakness, or even paralysis. To avoid this injury, proper padding and positioning should be used to relieve pressure on the arm.
Another effect of lateral decubitus positioning is its impact on pulmonary function. When lying on the side, lung expansion can be limited, leading to decreased tidal volume and potentially impairing oxygenation.