Final answer:
In summary, a short thyromental distance, limited neck extension, and small mouth opening are physical exam findings that may predict a difficult airway. The Mallampati score is also used but a score of II does not usually indicate a difficult airway.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physical exam findings that predict a difficult airway include a variety of anatomical observations. Among the options presented, A. Short thyromental distance, C. Limited neck extension, and D. Small mouth opening are considered predictive factors for a difficult airway. The Mallampati score is used to predict the ease of intubation; a Mallampati score II is typically not predictive of a difficult airway as higher scores such as III or IV indicate an increased risk. A short thyromental distance indicates a small space for manipulating instruments during intubation. Limited neck extension can make it difficult to align the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal axes, which is crucial for a successful intubation. Similarly, a small mouth opening can restrict access and visibility during the procedure. Other features not listed here, like a prominent upper incisor or a receding mandible, can also predict difficult airway management. It is important for healthcare providers to assess these features during a physical exam to prepare for any challenges during airway management.