Final answer:
The molecular tool used to insert the GFP gene into E. coli is a plasmid, which acts as a vector in this process. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA to facilitate ligation into the plasmid, which is then introduced into the bacterial cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
To insert the GFP gene into E. coli, the molecular tool you would use is a plasmid. A plasmid acts as a vector that facilitates the insertion of genes into bacteria. After PCR amplification, the DNA is cut using restriction enzymes like EcoRI, which recognize specific DNA sequences, and then ligated into the plasmid. The plasmid, which can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosomal DNA, is introduced into the bacterial cell where the gene of interest can be expressed. This process also involves the use of selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes to identify successful transformations.
Plasmids allow for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by serving as vectors that carry recombinant DNA into an organism. When the recombinant plasmids are introduced into E. coli, cells that have taken up the plasmid can be selected for using medium containing antibiotics, and the expression of the inserted gene can be verified through reporter genes or additional selection strategies.