Final answer:
Creating a questionnaire with extra emphasis on certain questions is likely to result in measurement errors due to design flaws that can lead to response bias or distortions in how participants report their true opinions or behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a researcher creates a questionnaire with extra emphasis placed on certain questions, this can lead to measurement errors. These errors encompass problems with the survey design itself such as question wording effects, interviewer bias, and response bias. Design flaws in a questionnaire can cause participants to inaccurately report their true opinions or behaviors, leading to limitations in response validity. It is essential that questions are worded clearly to elicit truthful responses, and biases stemming from the interviewer's identity, such as their social class or gender, should be minimized to obtain reliable data.
Sampling bias and selection bias occur when the method of choosing a sample causes it to be unrepresentative of the population being studied. For example, interviewing only people who are home during daytime hours may exclude working families, which is critical information for studies about jobs and child care.
In summary, when a questionnaire is designed with emphasis on certain questions, measurement errors are likely to affect the findings, rather than sampling errors, non-response errors, or errors of data distortion. This is because the questionnaire design can directly influence how participants interpret and respond to the questions, thus affecting the validity of the responses.