Final answer:
Westinghouse won the bid to generate electricity at Niagara Falls, endorsing the supremacy of alternating current (AC) over Edison's direct current (DC). AC's ability to transmit electricity over longer distances was a pivotal factor in the process of urbanization and industrial development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding who won the bid to generate electricity at Niagara Falls, it was Westinghouse who emerged victorious. The competition, often referred to as the 'War of the Currents,' was decisive in establishing the widespread adoption of alternating current (AC) over direct current (DC), championed by Edison. In the backdrop of this fierce battle, George Westinghouse's company, using Nikola Tesla's AC system, ultimately secured the contract to harness the power of Niagara Falls, solidifying AC's role as the dominant method of electrical distribution.
The major advantage of Westinghouse's 'alternating current' invention was that it allowed machines to be farther from the power source (Option C), facilitating long-distance electricity transmission. This was a technological breakthrough that contributed substantially to urbanization and the spread of electric power across cities and industries.
The burst of new inventions during the industrial era fueled urbanization by transforming the operation and capabilities of factories and urban infrastructure. Electric lighting extended work hours, increased production, and stimulated the growth of cities as it required more workers, drawing people away from rural areas.