Final answer:
Neurons transfer signals through synaptic transmission, where neurotransmitters released by one neuron trigger an electrical signal in the next neuron.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transmission of a signal between neurons, or nerve cells, in the nervous system occurs through a process known as synaptic transmission. This involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, the gap between the two neurons. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of the presynaptic neuron, it prompts the release of these neurotransmitters. These chemicals then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a new electrical signal in that cell, thereby transferring the signal from one neuron to the next.