Final answer:
Transitive relations activate the prefrontal cortex and symmetrical relations increase blood flow in the hippocampus. The hippocampus and amygdala are both key in memory and emotional processing, but the concept of individuals being 'right-brained' or 'left-brained' is overly simplistic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Recent neurological studies have identified different areas of the brain that are activated during tasks involving equivalence relations, such as transitive and symmetrical relations. These tasks appear to have distinct neural signatures that can be measured using neuroimaging techniques.
In the context of the presented question, transitive relations activate the prefrontal cortex, which is involved with various functions including encoding and processing semantic tasks. Symmetrical relations, on the other hand, increase blood flow in the hippocampus, a region of the brain associated with declarative and episodic memory. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Hippocampus, amygdala.
The hippocampus is crucial for new memory encoding, while the amygdala plays a role in emotional memory consolidation, notably fear memories. The interconnectedness of the two hemispheres, the left and right, plays a significant role in various cognitive and emotional processes, but the idea of people being either right-brained or left-brained is an oversimplification and a myth.