Final answer:
The number of tokens required to 'purchase' a reinforcer in a token economy system is referred to as the Token-to-reinforcement ratio, which is a key element of such behavioral management programs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of tokens needed in order to 'purchase' a reinforcer in a token economy is part of the Token-to-reinforcement ratio. This ratio determines how many tokens must be accumulated by an individual before they can exchange them for a desired reward or reinforcer. Token economies are behavior management systems that use secondary reinforcers, such as tokens, which can be traded in for primary reinforcers like rewards and prizes. These systems have shown to be effective in modifying behavior in various settings including schools, prisons, and mental health facilities. For example, children receiving tokens for exhibiting appropriate behaviors such as keeping 'quiet hands' can trade a specified number of tokens for playtime, effectively encouraging positive behavior.