Final answer:
The switching of organisms between alternatives in concurrent schedules of reinforcement can be explained by d)Reinforcement probability, as they tend to choose the behavior that offers the highest likelihood of reinforcement.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering concurrent schedules of reinforcement, organisms switch between alternatives, and this switching can be explained primarily by Reinforcement probability (option D).
Reinforcement schedules, whether fixed or variable, play a substantial role in shaping behavior. With concurrent schedules, organisms have multiple behaviors that could potentially be reinforced, and they tend to allocate their behavior towards the alternative that has the highest probability of reinforcement at that moment. This decision-making process is influenced by factors such as the frequency, magnitude, and delay of reinforcement. Since organisms are more likely to choose behaviors that are reinforced more frequently or have a higher payoff, the probability of reinforcement is a crucial factor in their decision to switch between alternatives in a concurrent schedule scenario.