Final answer:
Organisms that respond differently in various settings are discriminating, while those that behave similarly across circumstances are generalizing, thus the answer is B) Discriminating; Generalizing.
Step-by-step explanation:
When organisms respond in one setting and not another, they are discriminating. When they behave similarly across different circumstances, they are generalizing. So, the correct answer is B) Discriminating; Generalizing. In the context of learned behaviors, stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar, showing a conditioned response only to the conditioned stimulus. Stimulus generalization, on the other hand, involves an organism responding in the same way to different stimuli that are similar. These processes help organisms adapt to their environments and are critical for survival.