Final answer:
The Battle of Gettysburg began on July 1, 1863, in southern Pennsylvania. Commanded by General Robert E. Lee, the Confederates clashed with Union forces in a pivotal three-day battle that resulted in significant casualties and symbolized a crucial turning point in the American Civil War.
Step-by-step explanation:
The battle that began on July 1, 1863, took place in southern Pennsylvania and is known as the Battle of Gettysburg. This significant conflict of the American Civil War involved a series of unplanned encounters between the Union and Confederate forces, which ultimately resulted in a confrontation lasting until July 3. General Robert E. Lee, the Confederate commander, led the Army of Northern Virginia against the Union forces. The battle was critical as it marked one of the high points of Confederate success, and its defeat signified a turning point in the war for the Union.
Before the encounter on July 1, General Lee's forces moved north through Maryland with the intent of securing supplies and possibly influencing foreign recognition of the Confederacy. However, they collided with the Army of the Potomac, leading to the battle. Throughout the three days, notable events such as the defense of Culp's Hill and Pickett's Charge resulted in substantial casualties on both sides, with around 51,000 combined casualties. The Confederate defeat at Gettysburg, along with the fall of Vicksburg the same day, led to the loss of Confederate momentum and signaled the turning point towards Union victory.