Final answer:
The first castles were originally built out of wood and mud, but during the Middle Ages, nobility began to construct castles out of stone because of its durability and defensive strength. Stone was less vulnerable to weather and fire and better suited to withstand military advancements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Early Castle Construction Materials and Advancements in Middle Ages
The first castles were built out of wood and mud. These materials were readily available and easily worked into structures. However, as time went on, nobility began to build their castles out of stone in the Middle Ages due to its durability and defensive capabilities. Stone structures were better suited to withstand the wear and tear of weather conditions and were less susceptible to destruction by fire.
During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, structures made of stone, mortar, and plaster remained much more intact compared to earlier wood and mud constructions. Not only did stone construction last longer, but it was also an effective means of defense against the advances in military technology, such as the use of cannons. The transition to stone construction was also a reflection of the consolidating political power and the need to contend with external threats. Significant engineering advances, like the development of the post and lintel system and the use of flying buttresses in Gothic architecture, also played a part in the evolution of large structures, including castles.