Final answer:
Shorter DNA fragments move farther in electrophoresis than longer ones, as they are less hindered by the gel matrix. This allows for size-based separation of the fragments for analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
When it comes to the movement of DNA fragments during electrophoresis, shorter fragments generally move farther than longer fragments. This is because shorter DNA segments are less impeded by the pores of the gel matrix they're moving through compared to their longer counterparts. This principle allows for the separation and analysis of DNA fragments based on size during experiments.
In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the smaller fragments show increased mobility and hence, travel farther on the gel. Electrophoretic patterns can then be compared to a calibrated pattern to determine fragment sizes. Additionally, in the process of fragmentation, there is a noticeable difference in the size of the fragments produced, unlike in fission, where individuals of approximately the same size are formed.