Final answer:
Napoleon Bonaparte led a coup d'etat in 1799 to overthrow the Directory, leading to his rise to power and the establishment of the Consulate in France.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte led a coup d'etat to destroy the Directory. This event marked a considerable change in French politics, as it effectively ended the era of the Directory and established a new constitution with the three-member Consulate replacing it, with Napoleon Bonaparte securing the position of First Consul. This coup d'etat signaled the rise of Napoleon as the preeminent power in France, laying the groundwork for his eventual self-coronation as Emperor in 1804.
The other individuals mentioned in the options were significant figures during the French Revolution but not directly involved in this particular coup. For instance, Maximilien Robespierre was a leading figure during the Reign of Terror, but he was executed in July 1794, thus not alive at the time of the coup in 1799. Similarly, Georges Danton was executed in 1794, and Jean-Paul Marat was assassinated in 1793.
With the success of the coup, Napoleon started consolidating his power, eventually dominating most of Europe and reviving France as a significant power after the turmoil of the Revolution.