Question

The most important effect of the absorption of radiation by matter is called ionization. When this occurs:

A) The material becomes less dense
B) The material becomes radioactive
C) Atoms lose or gain electrons
D) The material heats up

Answer 1

Ionization is the most important effect of the absorption of radiation by matter. When ionization occurs, atoms lose or gain electrons, resulting in the formation of positively charged ions. Electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei in these interactions due to their lighter mass.

Step-by-step explanation:

When ionizing radiation interacts with matter, it can cause atoms to lose or gain electrons, resulting in the formation of positively charged ions. This process is known as ionization, and it is the most important effect of the absorption of radiation by matter.

Based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei in these interactions. This is because electrons are much lighter than nuclei, so they can gain more energy from the radiation particles due to their larger mass.

For example, when high-energy particles emitted by radioactive decay interact with matter, they can break bonds or ionize molecules, resulting in changes in physical properties such as ductility or color.