Final answer:
In Linux systems, file and directory permissions are assigned using User, Group, and Octal which represents the actual permissions numerically.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Linux systems, file and directory permissions are crucial for maintaining security and user access control. The three components used to assign these permissions are:
- User
- Group
- Octal (not a direct permission modifier, but a numeric representation of permissions)
Each file or directory has associated permissions that control the actions a user can perform. These are traditionally given in three categories, representing the file owner (user), the group of users, and others (everyone else), often displayed symbolically (like rwxr-xr--) or in an octal notation (like 755). The 'Byte' option does not relate to file permissions in Linux.