Final answer:
The Indus Valley Civilization, originating around 2600 BCE, was centered along the Indus River. It is also known as the Harappan Civilization and is acknowledged for its advanced urban planning and significant agricultural and trading activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Indus Valley (or Harappan) civilization originated around 2600 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent along Indus River. A fifth center of civilization developed in China along the Yellow River around 2200 BCE.
This Bronze Age civilization, known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest urban cultures to emerge, renowned for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated water management systems, and trading activities extending far beyond its territory. The Harappan society flourished in what is now northeast Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India, reaching a peak around 2000 BCE with well-established cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. These urban centers had populations of tens of thousands, with an agricultural base that focused on crops such as wheat, barley, and millet.