Final answer:
The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta results in the formation of the left and right common iliac arteries, which supply the pelvic region and lower limbs with blood.
Step-by-step explanation:
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at approximately the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) to form the left and right common iliac arteries. These arteries are crucial for supplying blood to the pelvic region and the lower limbs. After the bifurcation, the common iliac arteries further divide into external and internal iliac arteries. The external iliac artery is significant as it exits the body cavity and becomes the femoral artery, serving the lower limbs. Moreover, the femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery after it travels through the body cavity, and it eventually divides into several smaller branches, such as the lateral deep femoral artery, and the genicular artery, leading to the formation of the popliteal artery behind the knee.