Final answer:
Humans and other apes share certain biological traits, specifically a large brain size and a dental formula of 2:1:2:3, differentiating them from monkeys and other primates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two biological traits that are shared by humans and other apes, and that are distinct from monkeys and other primates are large brain size and a dental formula of 2:1:2:3. Humans and apes have a brain size that is larger than that of monkeys, which contributes to enhanced cognitive abilities. Furthermore, the dental formula 2:1:2:3 is indicative of an adaptation to an omnivorous diet, which is characteristic of humans and apes but differs from other primates. These traits are a part of our primate heritage and are related to adaptations from life in the trees. For instance, the increase in brain size, particularly in the frontal lobes, is an important aspect of primate evolution that signals enhanced processing capabilities, including vision over olfaction.