Final answer:
Interest income does not decrease the amount of taxes owed, whereas tax credits, standard deductions, and personal exemptions (when they were available) do reduce taxable income or tax owed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options given, interest income does not decrease the amount of taxes owed to the government. Instead, it is a form of income that is generally taxable. On the other hand, a tax credit directly reduces the amount of tax you owe, a standard deduction lowers your taxable income, and a personal exemption also reduces your taxable income, though personal exemptions were eliminated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for the years 2018 through 2025.