Final answer:
Homologies are structural or genetic similarities inherited from a common ancestor, while analogies are similarities in form or function due to convergent evolution. Absolute and relative dating methods are used to determine the age of fossils and establish evolutionary order.
Step-by-step explanation:
Homologies and analogies are two terms used by scientists to describe similarities between organisms. Homologies refer to structural or genetic similarities that are inherited from a common ancestor, indicating a shared evolutionary history. Analogies, on the other hand, are similarities in form or function that are not due to common ancestry, but rather to convergent evolution.
When it comes to dating fossils and determining evolutionary order, both absolute and relative dating methods are used. Absolute dating methods provide an actual numerical age for a fossil, such as radiometric dating techniques that measure the decay of isotopes. Relative dating methods, on the other hand, compare the age of a fossil to other fossils or rock layers to determine its relative position in time.