Final answer:
The atrium courtyard is the feature of Byzantine origin not incorporated in San Vitale, as the church has mosaic decoration, a dome structure, and a narthex entrance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The feature of Byzantine origin that was never incorporated in San Vitale is option D) Atrium courtyard. The church of San Vitale in Ravenna is a prime example of Byzantine architecture that includes a central plan with a dome, elaborate mosaic decoration, and a distinct narthex entrance. However, it does not have an atrium courtyard, which was a typical feature of early Christian basilicas, set behind an enclosed forecourt and ringed with a colonnade or arcade but became less common in later Byzantine church designs, which favored a more centralized, domed structure.