Final answer:
The choice of an agent to destroy microorganisms is based on several factors such as exposure time, agent concentration, and microbial susceptibility, rather than the size of the article. Sterilization achieves complete removal of all microbes, whereas disinfection only reduces microbial load to safe levels. The effectiveness of these agents can be compromised by insufficient exposure time and the presence of organic matter.
Step-by-step explanation:
The agent used to destroy microorganisms depends on several factors, but not necessarily the size of the article. Chemical and physical agents are employed to control microbial growth, with various levels of efficacy. Chemical agents, such as disinfectants, interact chemically with microbial cells to damage or inhibit their function, while physical agents such as heat, cold, and radiation physically disrupt microbial structures or functions.
Sterilization is a process aimed at killing or removing all microbes, including endospores and viruses, via physical or chemical means. Disinfection reduces the microbial load to safe levels, but does not necessarily achieve sterilization. Factors that affect the effectiveness of these agents include the length of exposure, the concentration of the agent, temperature, pH, presence of organic materials, and the type and susceptibility of the microorganisms.
Two reasons for choosing a bacteriostatic treatment over bactericidal
- To avoid destruction of the host's microbiota
- To prevent the release of toxins from the destruction of bacterial cells
- Factors compromising effectiveness
- Insufficient exposure time
- Presence of organic matter