Final answer:
Homeostasis refers to the series of mental and physiological responses and adaptations to a real or perceived change and challenges. It is the process by which the body maintains stability and equilibrium in response to stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is c) Homeostasis.
Homeostasis refers to the series of mental and physiological responses and adaptations to a real or perceived change and challenges. It is the process by which the body maintains stability and equilibrium in response to stress. For example, when faced with a threatening situation, the body initiates the fight-or-flight response, which includes increased heart rate, heightened senses, and the release of stress hormones, all of which help the individual adapt and cope with the situation.