Final answer:
B) Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids (B) are the molecules that store genetic information and include instructions for synthesis of proteins, including enzymes for fats and carbohydrates. They consist of DNA and RNA, which dictate the structure of proteins through transcription and translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The molecule that stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates, is nucleic acids (B). Nucleic acids include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). They are essential for the process of protein synthesis and play a key role in passing encoded instructions from parents to offspring. DNA carries the complete genetic blueprint required to form the structure of proteins and RNA molecules in each organism.
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, as well as in chloroplasts and mitochondria while in prokaryotic cells, it is not enclosed in a nucleus. DNA and RNA are critical in the synthesis of proteins by dictating the sequences of amino acids through the processes of transcription and translation, which is a foundational concept known as the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.