Final answer:
The Supreme Court has ruled that probable cause can justify a warrantless search under exigent circumstances. Key cases such as Illinois v. Gates and Georgia v. Randolph provide guidance on the application of the Fourth Amendment regarding searches and seizures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court case referred to in the question, which held that probable cause allows for a warrantless search of an individual's home under exigent circumstances, may relate to a series of rulings where the court found that the needs of law enforcement could be so compelling as to justify such an action. While not explicitly named here, one seminal case connected to probable cause and warrant requirements is Illinois v. Gates, which established the "totality of circumstances" test for determining probable cause under the Fourth Amendment. Another important case is Georgia v. Randolph, which clarifies that police cannot conduct a search in a home without a warrant when one occupant consents and the other objects. The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures and stipulates the conditions under which search warrants may be issued.