Question

the Supreme Court case of ___ held that if an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, her or she may arrest the offender

Answer 1

Atwater v. City of Lago Vista established that the police can arrest an individual for a minor offense if they have probable cause, confirming the Fourth Amendment's requirements for arrests and searches.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Supreme Court case of Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318 (2001), held that if an officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he or she may arrest the offender. This decision affirmed that the Fourth Amendment's requirement of reasonable suspicion for a stop and frisk and the requirement of probable cause for issuing an arrest warrant also apply to the physical arrest of a person for a minor offense. Illinois v. Gates contributed to the understanding of probable cause with its 'totality of circumstances' test. Additionally, the famous case of Miranda v. Arizona established the necessity of reading Miranda rights to suspects to uphold protections against self-incrimination, while Terry v. Ohio allowed for stops and frisks based on reasonable suspicion.