Final answer:
Alleles for a gene locus on autosomes are inherited from both males and females, with one allele coming from each parent, which supports genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
In humans, alleles for a gene locus on autosomes are inherited from both males and females, with one allele coming from each parent. This is a fundamental concept in Mendelian genetics, which states that for each characteristic, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. These alleles may be the same or different, resulting in homozygosity or heterozygosity, respectively. The correct answer to the question is B. Males and females (one allele from each parent).
During gamete formation, alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene, ensuring that offspring obtain one allele from the mother and one from the father. The laws of inheritance also dictate that these alleles are sorted into gametes independently, which is one of the reasons for the genetic diversity observed in populations.