Question

Which New York Heart Association classification of heart failure has a poor prognosis and includes symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

Answer 1

The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system defines Class IV heart failure as having a poor prognosis and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest.

Step-by-step explanation:

The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system is used to categorize heart failure based on severity of symptoms. Among the four NYHA classifications, Class IV represents the most severe and poor prognosis. Class IV heart failure is characterized by symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest, meaning that even minimal physical activity can trigger symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain. It indicates an advanced stage of heart failure where the heart is unable to meet the body's oxygen demands, even at rest.