Final answer:
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spinal cord and can be classified into three types: occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Surgery is often required to treat the condition, and folate deficiency during pregnancy can increase the risk of spina bifida.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spinal cord. There are three classes of this disorder: occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form and does not affect the spinal cord. Meningocele involves the protrusion of the meninges through the spinal column, while myelomeningocele involves the protrusion of the meninges and the spinal nerves, leading to severe neurological symptoms.
Complications of the spinal cord may present later in life, but overall life expectancy is not reduced. Surgery is often necessary to close the opening or remove the cyst associated with spina bifida. The earlier the surgery is performed, the better the chances of controlling further damage or infection. Folate, a type of B vitamin, is important in the healthy development of the neural tube, and a deficiency in maternal folate during early pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects, including spina bifida.