Final answer:
Gingivitis is inflammation and erosion of the gums, caused by plaque accumulation and bacterial colonization. It can be diagnosed visually and through X-rays, and is treated with dental hygiene and professional cleaning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gingivitis is inflammation and erosion of the gums, which can lead to irritation, bleeding, and halitosis. Plaque accumulation on the teeth can cause colonization of bacteria in the gingival space, leading to anaerobic conditions and the growth of various microbes. This inflammation and damage are caused by bacterial products, including lipopolysaccharide and proteases. Gingivitis can be diagnosed visually and through X-rays, and is typically treated with good dental hygiene and professional cleaning, with antibiotics reserved for severe cases.