Question

the presence of the ___ within the lumen of the esophagus stimulate __ waves of muscular contraction that assist in propelling the bolus toward the stomach

Answer 1

The presence of the circular muscle layer of the muscularis within the lumen of the esophagus stimulates waves of muscular contraction that assist in propelling the bolus toward the stomach.

Step-by-step explanation:

The presence of the circular muscle layer of the muscularis within the lumen of the esophagus stimulates waves of muscular contraction that assist in propelling the bolus toward the stomach. These contractions, known as peristalsis, involve the coordinated action of the medulla oblongata and both circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis in the esophagus. They help push the bolus forward and keep it moving toward the stomach.