Final answer:
Women in the 40 to 50 years age group are likely to receive the most radiation dose during mammography, due to the balance between breast tissue density, readability of mammogram images, and the need for regular screening.
Step-by-step explanation:
The age group likely to receive the most radiation dose during a mammography is the one between 40 and 50 years. This is based on the general guidelines for mammogram screening and the biology of breast tissue. Younger women tend to have denser breast tissue, which makes it more difficult to achieve clear contrast in mammogram images; consequently, sometimes higher radiation doses may be required to get readable images. However, annual mammograms and hence potential radiation exposure are generally recommended for women aged 50 and older because they are at a higher risk for breast cancer, and their breast tissue is usually less dense, facilitating clearer images at lower radiation doses. Therefore, the balance between screening needs and the effectiveness of mammography suggests that women in their 40s may receive higher radiation doses more frequently.