Part 1: Complementary mRNA for original DNA (TAC) is AUG, and for mutated DNA (GAC) is CUG. Part 2: The mutation (GAC to CUG) results in a different amino acid (from aspartic acid to leucine) due to a change in the mRNA codon.
In Part 1, the process of transcription involves the synthesis of complementary mRNA strands based on the original DNA sequence. For the original DNA sequence TAC, the complementary mRNA sequence is AUG. In the case of the mutated DNA sequence GAC, the complementary mRNA sequence becomes CUG.
Part 2 involves the translation of the mRNA sequence into amino acids using a codon table. The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine, while CUG codes for leucine. Therefore, the mutation from GAC to CUG results in a change in the amino acid incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. Originally, the DNA coded for the amino acid aspartic acid (as the codon GAC), but due to the mutation, the codon changes to CUG, leading to the incorporation of leucine. This alteration in the amino acid sequence can have functional implications in the resulting protein, potentially affecting its structure and function.