Final answer:
Clement Attlee replaced Winston Churchill as Britain's Prime Minister and supported Indian independence. His government was responsible for overseeing India's transition to independence in 1947.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who replaced Winston Churchill and was supportive of Indian independence was Clement Attlee. He became Prime Minister of Britain following the Labour Party's victory over Churchill's Conservative Party in the 1945 general election. Atlee's government was in power when India gained its independence from British rule in 1947.
Churchill, a lifelong British politician, had not only led Britain through the challenges of World War II after replacing Neville Chamberlain, but he had also been keenly aware of India's contribution to the British war effort and its evolving national consciousness. However, it was under Clement Attlee's leadership that the process of India's independence was realized, as the Labour Party was more amenable to decolonization than Churchill's Conservatives.
Key Moments in Clement Attlee's Premiership
Clement Attlee replaced Winston Churchill as Britain's Prime Minister immediately after the 1945 general election.
Attlee attended the Potsdam Conference as the newly elected Prime Minister, where key post-war decisions were made.
Under Attlee's leadership, the British government progressed toward granting India independence, which ultimately occurred in 1947.