Final answer:
The two phases of a healthcare facility's Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) that occur before an emergency are mitigation, which reduces the impact of an emergency, and preparedness, which involves planning and training to respond effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Joint Commission standards stipulate that a healthcare facility's Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) must address four phases of emergency management. The two phases that occur BEFORE an emergency are mitigation and preparedness. Mitigation involves taking steps to reduce the impact of an emergency, such as installing backup generators or bolstering the physical infrastructure. Preparedness includes planning, training, and exercises to ensure that the healthcare facility is ready to respond effectively to an emergency situation. These proactive measures are critical for minimizing risk and enhancing the resilience of healthcare operations during unexpected events.