Final answer:
Tumor markers such as CEA, PSA, Alpha-fetoprotein, and Beta HCG are associated with specific types of cancers and are used to detect, diagnose, and monitor cancer progression or recurrence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking to match tumor markers with their corresponding sites of tumor origin. Tumor markers are substances that can be found in the body when cancer is present and are associated with specific types of tissues or cancers.
- CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) - This marker is most commonly associated with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract but can also be elevated in cases of lung and breast cancer. It is particularly useful in monitoring for the recurrence of bowel cancer.
- PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) - Elevated levels of PSA are commonly associated with prostate cancer and are used in screening and monitoring the disease.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - Typically elevated in liver cancers (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma) and also in germ cell tumors, including testicular cancer.
- Beta HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) - Commonly elevated in cases of testicular cancer and trophoblastic disease, as well as in some types of ovarian and testicular cancers.
These markers, while not always cancer-specific, provide valuable information for the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of cancer.