Final answer:
The condition that results in increased resistance to gas flow is COPD, due to obstructed airways that trap air in the lungs and make breathing difficult.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition resulting in increased resistance to gas flow is B) COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). COPD, which includes diseases such as emphysema and asthma, is characterized by an obstruction of the airways that leads to increased airway resistance, trapping air in the lungs and making breathing difficult. Conditions like emphysema damage the alveolar walls, decrease the surface area for gas exchange, and lead to a loss of elastic fibers, increasing lung compliance and trapping more air in the lungs after exhalation. Asthma causes airway inflammation, which can result in edema, smooth muscle spasms, increased mucus secretion, and epithelial damage, further blocking airways and hindering gas movement.