Final answer:
The Virtual network approach is not centered on a traditional chain of command, unlike the other options which utilize the chain of command in various structural designs; the team-based approach is one example of such utilization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following is not an approach to structural design that reflects different uses of the chain of command: a. Matrix approach b. Team-based approach c. Process approach d. Divisional approach e. Virtual network approach. Among the given options, (a) Matrix approach, (b) Team-based approach, (c) Process approach, and (d) Divisional approach are all organizational structures that utilize the chain of command in varied ways.
However, (e) Virtual network approach is not typically centered on a traditional chain of command; instead, it relies on digital communication and partnerships to operate effectively. This approach often consists of a small core organization that outsources most of its business functions to other companies, creating a 'virtual' network of contributors.
In contrast, the team-based approach has gained popularity in response to changes in technology, economics, and other workplace factors. In this approach, teams are formed to bring together diverse skills and expertise to achieve specific goals, which is a shift away from organizational structures that rely on individual contributions.